1] Examine the reasons why some stereotypes within the media have changed over time? JAN07
Intro=> explain the topic, eg stereotypes change as it refelects the zeitgeist, eg women in the media used to be The passive characters that were always female in the past were “symbolically annihilated,”as in they were underrepresented in the media. they were stereotyped to be passive and quite charcters, with limited value in a text. BUT they have changed to more dominant characters.
Paragraph 1=>
In the past: they are were stereotyped to be weak:
1970’s, when “only 15 per cent of the leading characters were women.” [Gauntlett]
example is sound of music and high noon, where they are in need of protection
“disempowered, degraded and subjugated” [M.French]
Paragraph 2 =>
However, films produced in the 1950’s also portrayed women as sex objects. The era witnessed “reaffirming male dominance and female subservience; movies showed women as breasts and buttocks, again idealizing women who were pretty, amusing, and childish". This is reinforced in the film, Some like it Hot (1959); the film portrays Marilyn Monroe’s character, as a “blonde bimbo,” which is seen through the medium shot of her on the beach; the camera zooms in on her body to show her as an object of desire.
Paragraph 3 =>
second wave of feminism in the 1970’s, when women were taken away from the stereotype “that marriage, parenthood and domesticity were…more important for women than men.”It marked a period when women were fighting for equality rights, abortion, independence, media gender stereotypes and sexist oppression. As a result, there were “20-35 per cent”more women on screen, however, it was still “15 per cent” in the action adventure genre. This can be seen in TV shows such as, The Bionic Woman (1976) and Charlie’s Angels (1976)
Paragraph 4 =>
Nonetheless, they were represented as influential women; this is noticeable in the 1979 film, Alien. The film “has been widely interpreted as a feminist text”, as Sigourney Weaver’s character, Ripley, is the only surviving character and the action revolves around her. On the other hand, Ripley’s character was “never intended to be played by a female.”
Paragraph 5 =>
Contemporay films represent women as strong and independent
EG. James Bond, Vesoper Lynd is an accountant for the national treasury, but she is still stereotyped to be a sexist eye candy for Bond
madonna vs whore theory, sex= death stereotype and final girl theory
Conclusion =>
Zeitgest reflects society
Wednesday, 20 May 2009
Thursday, 2 April 2009
“Genres must adapt in order to survive” discuss [JUNE 04]
“Genres must adapt in order to survive” discuss [JUNE 04]
Intro: introduce the slasher genre, and how it has to change to survive, eg
P1: TA, audience expectations, eg tcm1 +2
P2: technology-psycho and switchblade romance and Halloween comparison
P3: changes in society – ideologies, values and representation// eg, the era of feminism changed everything. Eg ,from being subservient and controlled in Psycho to the changed in Switchblade Romance. The final girl- needs phallic symbol though to show her masculine side
P4: censorship and codes of conduct= TCM 1 + 2 changes
P5: any other changes that have to occur to make the genre adapt
Conclusion: genres have to adapt because society and their expectations have change, therefore in order to make a profit, the institution has to appeal and try to attract an audience.
Intro: introduce the slasher genre, and how it has to change to survive, eg
P1: TA, audience expectations, eg tcm1 +2
P2: technology-psycho and switchblade romance and Halloween comparison
P3: changes in society – ideologies, values and representation// eg, the era of feminism changed everything. Eg ,from being subservient and controlled in Psycho to the changed in Switchblade Romance. The final girl- needs phallic symbol though to show her masculine side
P4: censorship and codes of conduct= TCM 1 + 2 changes
P5: any other changes that have to occur to make the genre adapt
Conclusion: genres have to adapt because society and their expectations have change, therefore in order to make a profit, the institution has to appeal and try to attract an audience.
Compare two examples, from different decades, of any media genre of your choice. Describe and account for the major differences and Similarities betwe
Compare two examples, from different decades, of any media genre of your choice. Describe and account for the major differences and Similarities between them. [2000]
Intro: introduces my two films, TCM 1974 AND 200? Give directors names and dates.
P1: i will talk about the narrative, and TA. E.g. they are both different because the 2nd one changes slightly to appeal to the current audience. E.g. they are going to the concert and not to see their relative’s graves. TCM1 historcal and eco changes occured
P2: the killer and differences and how the mask is better in the newer one. I will also mention the advancement of technology, phallic objects
P3: the same genre codes, eg final girl and the mad house/ Have group of friends- which get lost
P4: blood and more gruesome in the new one, censorship etc... deaths scenes are more visible etc..
P5: The family members-younger wants to save the friends, Propp theory
Todorv theory- Ending is diff
Conclusion: the changes are differ, because the TA was different, diff era, TCM1 was following Pyscho – the granddaddy of slasher, and TCM2 was more modern to show the era diff
Intro: introduces my two films, TCM 1974 AND 200? Give directors names and dates.
P1: i will talk about the narrative, and TA. E.g. they are both different because the 2nd one changes slightly to appeal to the current audience. E.g. they are going to the concert and not to see their relative’s graves. TCM1 historcal and eco changes occured
P2: the killer and differences and how the mask is better in the newer one. I will also mention the advancement of technology, phallic objects
P3: the same genre codes, eg final girl and the mad house/ Have group of friends- which get lost
P4: blood and more gruesome in the new one, censorship etc... deaths scenes are more visible etc..
P5: The family members-younger wants to save the friends, Propp theory
Todorv theory- Ending is diff
Conclusion: the changes are differ, because the TA was different, diff era, TCM1 was following Pyscho – the granddaddy of slasher, and TCM2 was more modern to show the era diff
Outline recent significant developments in one genre of your choice. Illustrate your answer with examples. [JAN03]
Outline recent significant developments in one genre of your choice. Illustrate your answer with examples. [JAN03]
Intro: Mention my 1 genre, which would be the slasher genre, and talk about how and why i think its developed. Mention the films i will discuss.
P1: the first slasher film, the granddaddy of slasher films, PYSCHO. I will talk about how Hitchcock made this film, eg with techniques
P2: Society during the 60s, as it was different then, eg, females were “symbolically annihilated”. The different stereotypes, eg of housewives, homemakers...
P3: how TCM 1974 developed the genre, and how it targeted the audience. I will also mention the way the censorship that occurred during the time. And how this changed, will compare the old and new one, and the different techniques used to attract the TA, do more on MIGRAIN.
P4: Talk about Scream and how it “rejuvenated” the genre, and its intertextuality references.
P5: This paragraph will talk about Switchblade Romance, and how it has developed the genre since psycho
Conclusion: Sum my info up, and just mention recent films and how it changed the genre, talk about institutional changes etc...
Intro: Mention my 1 genre, which would be the slasher genre, and talk about how and why i think its developed. Mention the films i will discuss.
P1: the first slasher film, the granddaddy of slasher films, PYSCHO. I will talk about how Hitchcock made this film, eg with techniques
P2: Society during the 60s, as it was different then, eg, females were “symbolically annihilated”. The different stereotypes, eg of housewives, homemakers...
P3: how TCM 1974 developed the genre, and how it targeted the audience. I will also mention the way the censorship that occurred during the time. And how this changed, will compare the old and new one, and the different techniques used to attract the TA, do more on MIGRAIN.
P4: Talk about Scream and how it “rejuvenated” the genre, and its intertextuality references.
P5: This paragraph will talk about Switchblade Romance, and how it has developed the genre since psycho
Conclusion: Sum my info up, and just mention recent films and how it changed the genre, talk about institutional changes etc...
Monday, 30 March 2009
TCM ESSAY
Similarities and differences TCM- OLD VS NEW
Sims:
Both films are slasher =]
Same genre codes, such as the girl screaming
Use the chainsaw to present a phallic object
A psycho killer- from a family of cannibals
Have group of friends- which get lost...
SEX= death theory
Diff:
Made in different eras- therefore their target audience expectations are diff
The new one is not censored
The ending is very diff
The family members-younger wants to save the friends
The two films, TCM 1974 and 2003, are both from the slasher genre; therefore have the same generic conventions, such as the final girl and the stereotypical male killer. However, since they are both produced in different eras, their target audience expectations would be different; therefore their filming and plot are slightly different. The 1947 film is target to an audience of males and females of 18-35, C1, C2, D Class, and the newer one has an audience of males and females 16-40, of B,C1,C2 D class, as the effects is more interesting. Also, the 1947 version was censored, as a result it was not as gruesome as the 2003 version, none the less, it did meet its audience expectations as they, back then were not used to films like this.
The first difference that is noticeable from both films is the beginning, as they both open differently. The original film opens with a brief narration by John Laroquette, as his words scroll down the screen; his voice his very deep, as a result setting the eerie atmosphere amongst the audience. Then there are many flashing shots of rotting hands and teeth, which is followed by darkness and a corpse, with a close up shot if the sun to set the scene, of a hot summer’s Texas day. The new version, on the other hand opens with gritty black and white footage of police going through gruesome contents of a house, none the less John Laroquette’s role as narrator is used again; which can suggest that this is an homage to the original film, and showing the audience the aftermath of what’s to come. This can also suggest that in the era of the 1974 film, there was a patriarchal society, where males were more dominant. This theory is also evident in the newer version, thus suggesting that there is still a patriarchal society.
Another difference that can be seen is the narrative of the films; the original opens up of a dead armadillo, and then there is a medium shot of the five friends, who are going to check on relatives graves in a cemetery where grave robbing and desecration has recently been a problem. They pick up a hitchhiker man, who is crazy. In contrast, the new one there is also five friends but they are on their way to see a Lynyrd Skyynyrd concert and instead of a male hitchhiker it is a female, who shots herself.
The old version is also different as Todorovs narrative theory can be applied throughout, as there is equilibrium at the beginning and a disequilibrium, and finally there is a slight happy ending, where the final girl survives. The new one has a disequilibrium throughout.
The theory of sex= death is applied in the original version, as the couple die, because they have sinned. There is great emphasis on the couple and their action, such as the close up of them walking up the stairs to have sexual intercourse; as a result it suggests to the audience that they may die. This is similar to the new one, as the couple also die, thus suggesting religion is an important aspect of society, and that people have to follow a set of rules.
The final girl is evident in both films, and can suggest they are more superior to males, because they are the survivors. It opposes the stereotypical view of the women staying at home and being subservient to men. Finally the outcome of the two movies were similar and different in some ways as the final girl in both relied on someone to come in an distract leather face but in the 2003 version Erin got away on her own without being hitched hiked like in the first movie, she also got her revenge on the sheriff in the process by running him over in his police car.
Sims:
Both films are slasher =]
Same genre codes, such as the girl screaming
Use the chainsaw to present a phallic object
A psycho killer- from a family of cannibals
Have group of friends- which get lost...
SEX= death theory
Diff:
Made in different eras- therefore their target audience expectations are diff
The new one is not censored
The ending is very diff
The family members-younger wants to save the friends
The two films, TCM 1974 and 2003, are both from the slasher genre; therefore have the same generic conventions, such as the final girl and the stereotypical male killer. However, since they are both produced in different eras, their target audience expectations would be different; therefore their filming and plot are slightly different. The 1947 film is target to an audience of males and females of 18-35, C1, C2, D Class, and the newer one has an audience of males and females 16-40, of B,C1,C2 D class, as the effects is more interesting. Also, the 1947 version was censored, as a result it was not as gruesome as the 2003 version, none the less, it did meet its audience expectations as they, back then were not used to films like this.
The first difference that is noticeable from both films is the beginning, as they both open differently. The original film opens with a brief narration by John Laroquette, as his words scroll down the screen; his voice his very deep, as a result setting the eerie atmosphere amongst the audience. Then there are many flashing shots of rotting hands and teeth, which is followed by darkness and a corpse, with a close up shot if the sun to set the scene, of a hot summer’s Texas day. The new version, on the other hand opens with gritty black and white footage of police going through gruesome contents of a house, none the less John Laroquette’s role as narrator is used again; which can suggest that this is an homage to the original film, and showing the audience the aftermath of what’s to come. This can also suggest that in the era of the 1974 film, there was a patriarchal society, where males were more dominant. This theory is also evident in the newer version, thus suggesting that there is still a patriarchal society.
Another difference that can be seen is the narrative of the films; the original opens up of a dead armadillo, and then there is a medium shot of the five friends, who are going to check on relatives graves in a cemetery where grave robbing and desecration has recently been a problem. They pick up a hitchhiker man, who is crazy. In contrast, the new one there is also five friends but they are on their way to see a Lynyrd Skyynyrd concert and instead of a male hitchhiker it is a female, who shots herself.
The old version is also different as Todorovs narrative theory can be applied throughout, as there is equilibrium at the beginning and a disequilibrium, and finally there is a slight happy ending, where the final girl survives. The new one has a disequilibrium throughout.
The theory of sex= death is applied in the original version, as the couple die, because they have sinned. There is great emphasis on the couple and their action, such as the close up of them walking up the stairs to have sexual intercourse; as a result it suggests to the audience that they may die. This is similar to the new one, as the couple also die, thus suggesting religion is an important aspect of society, and that people have to follow a set of rules.
The final girl is evident in both films, and can suggest they are more superior to males, because they are the survivors. It opposes the stereotypical view of the women staying at home and being subservient to men. Finally the outcome of the two movies were similar and different in some ways as the final girl in both relied on someone to come in an distract leather face but in the 2003 version Erin got away on her own without being hitched hiked like in the first movie, she also got her revenge on the sheriff in the process by running him over in his police car.
Scry Movie
Scary Movie is a 2000 film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans, as part of Wayans Bros. Entertainment. It is an American dark comedy which parodies the horror, slasher, and mystery genres. Several mid- and late-1990s movies are spoofed, including the more subtle horror film parody series Scream trilogy, The Sixth Sense, I Know What You Did Last Summer, The Usual Suspects, The Matrix, and The Blair Witch Project, while it also parodies many of the classic horror films, most notably Halloween.
The tagline is "No mercy. No shame. No sequel.", with the last reference being to the tendency of popular horror movies to become long-running franchises. However, in 2001, Scary Movie 2 was released (with the tagline "We lied"). The film was followed by a series of sequels Scary Movie 3 (2003), and Scary Movie 4 (2006). The original title for the film Scream was "Scary Movie" which ironically was later used to parody it. Both films were released through Dimension Films.
In addition to parodying the Scream series and I Know What You Did Last Summer, a number of other pop cultural references are made:
The Blair Witch Project - The scene in which Gail Hailstorm and her Jamaican cameraman are videotaping one of the killer's murders, then they get spotted and they try to escape, however, Gail's cameraman gets killed and Gail apologizes to the cameraman's family by videotaping her apology and leaving it behind so it can be found.
The Usual Suspects - Doofy's character and situation remotely resembles that of Verbal Kint's. The scene towards the ending is an almost exact replica of the final scene from The Usual Suspects, complete with Cindy dropping the coffee mug with "Doofus Porcelain" written on the bottom (a direct parody of the scene where Detective Kujan discovers his own mug was made by a company called "Kobayashi Porcelain"), Doofy's limp gradually disappearing, him shedding clothing to reveal his real appearance, lighting a cigarette etc.
The Shining - When Buffy is about to be killed the word "Redrum," is whispered. In The Shining, Danny Torrance writes this word (murder reversed), and speaks it, while semi-possesed.
Titanic and Amistad - When Brenda and Ray are at the movies, a film trailer is shown showing a man on a ship at sea resembling like Captain Edward John Smith of the Titanic, and features a character (Keenen Ivory Wayans) saying the infamous "I'm king of the world!" line, leading the viewer to assume that the film is related to Titanic. Instead, a slave master whips the man, who is revealed to be a slave, as the trailer is revealed to be for a sequel to the 1997 film Amistad.
Thinner - In the opening scene, Carmen Electra's character is run over by a car. The driver (her father) gets distracted in a similar way as in the movie Thinner.
The Matrix - The fight scene between Cindy and the killer utilizes "Bullet time" special effects.
Drop Dead Gorgeous - The beauty pageant scene with Buffy.
Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement'. While "modern" itself refers to something "related to the present", the movement of modernism and the following reaction of postmodernism are defined by a set of perspectives. It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema and design, as well as in marketing and business and the interpretation of history, law and culture in the late 20th century.
The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic genre. The word has two competing meanings, meaning either a "hodge-podge" or an imitation.
Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or discordance between what one says or does and what one means or what is generally understood. Irony is a mode of expression that calls attention to the character's knowledge and that of the audience
Intertextuality: When a media text makes reference to another text that, on the surface, appears to be unique and distinct
The tagline is "No mercy. No shame. No sequel.", with the last reference being to the tendency of popular horror movies to become long-running franchises. However, in 2001, Scary Movie 2 was released (with the tagline "We lied"). The film was followed by a series of sequels Scary Movie 3 (2003), and Scary Movie 4 (2006). The original title for the film Scream was "Scary Movie" which ironically was later used to parody it. Both films were released through Dimension Films.
In addition to parodying the Scream series and I Know What You Did Last Summer, a number of other pop cultural references are made:
The Blair Witch Project - The scene in which Gail Hailstorm and her Jamaican cameraman are videotaping one of the killer's murders, then they get spotted and they try to escape, however, Gail's cameraman gets killed and Gail apologizes to the cameraman's family by videotaping her apology and leaving it behind so it can be found.
The Usual Suspects - Doofy's character and situation remotely resembles that of Verbal Kint's. The scene towards the ending is an almost exact replica of the final scene from The Usual Suspects, complete with Cindy dropping the coffee mug with "Doofus Porcelain" written on the bottom (a direct parody of the scene where Detective Kujan discovers his own mug was made by a company called "Kobayashi Porcelain"), Doofy's limp gradually disappearing, him shedding clothing to reveal his real appearance, lighting a cigarette etc.
The Shining - When Buffy is about to be killed the word "Redrum," is whispered. In The Shining, Danny Torrance writes this word (murder reversed), and speaks it, while semi-possesed.
Titanic and Amistad - When Brenda and Ray are at the movies, a film trailer is shown showing a man on a ship at sea resembling like Captain Edward John Smith of the Titanic, and features a character (Keenen Ivory Wayans) saying the infamous "I'm king of the world!" line, leading the viewer to assume that the film is related to Titanic. Instead, a slave master whips the man, who is revealed to be a slave, as the trailer is revealed to be for a sequel to the 1997 film Amistad.
Thinner - In the opening scene, Carmen Electra's character is run over by a car. The driver (her father) gets distracted in a similar way as in the movie Thinner.
The Matrix - The fight scene between Cindy and the killer utilizes "Bullet time" special effects.
Drop Dead Gorgeous - The beauty pageant scene with Buffy.
Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement'. While "modern" itself refers to something "related to the present", the movement of modernism and the following reaction of postmodernism are defined by a set of perspectives. It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema and design, as well as in marketing and business and the interpretation of history, law and culture in the late 20th century.
The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic genre. The word has two competing meanings, meaning either a "hodge-podge" or an imitation.
Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or discordance between what one says or does and what one means or what is generally understood. Irony is a mode of expression that calls attention to the character's knowledge and that of the audience
Intertextuality: When a media text makes reference to another text that, on the surface, appears to be unique and distinct
references to other horror films in Scream
-Two of the most common references are to A Nightmare on Elm Street and its director Wes Craven.
EG.
At one point Billy sneaks into Sidney's room through her window, startling her, in a way that quotes Glen sneaking into Nancy's room in A Nightmare on Elm Street. The similarity between the scenes in emphasized by the physical resemblance Skeet Ulrich, who plays Billy's character, bears to the young Johnny Depp, who played Glen's character.
-Halloween is referenced many times throughout the film.
EG.
When Casey's parents come home and see that something is wrong, her father says to her mother, "Drive down to the Mackenzies'", which is a quote from Halloween. During the party scene, Randy Meeks, Stu Macher and the other party goers are watching the horror film. They watch many famous scenes such as Michael Myers murdering Bob, as well as Laurie Strode discovering her friend's dead bodies scattered in the bedroom. The song that Billy puts on when he and Sidney are making out in her room is a cover version of "Don't Fear the Reaper" which was featured in Halloween in the scene where Laurie and Annie are driving to their babysitting jobs.
-Billy's surname, Loomis, is the same as that of Donald Pleasence's character in Halloween (1978), which in turn was the name of Marion Crane's lover in Psycho.
EG.
Billy Loomis quotes Norman Bates, saying "We all go a little mad sometimes." Licking his fake blood, Loomis says that it is actually corn syrup and food coloring, "the same stuff they used as pig's blood in Carrie".
-As Stu and Billy reveal themselves to Sidney as the killers, they stand head to head, echoing a famous still photo from the film The Thing With Two Heads (1972).
-When Casey (Drew Barrymore) is dragged across the lawn by her murderer it strongly resembles a scene from Dementia 13.
-The blood pooling at Gale's (Courtney Cox) feet by the news van is reminiscent of a scene in Night of the Living Dead where blood pools on the floor by Barbra's feet (played by Judith O'Dea).
-Many films are briefly mentioned during a scene in which Billy and Stu visit Randy at work at a video store. Films Randy mentions include Candyman, The Howling, Prom Night, Everybody's All-American. Frankenstein is showing on the monitors.
-Sidney mentions The Town That Dreaded Sundown while she, Dewey and Tatum are buying food for the party.
-During the party scene, the partygoers are struggling with which movie to watch. The possibilities include The Evil Dead, Hellraiser, The Fog and Terror Train. Clerks is seen as a videotape on top of a television. During the party scene, when Billy arrives, Randy exclaims "What's Leatherface doing here?". Leatherface is the antagonist in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
-In addition to mentioning several horror films throughout the film, many minor characters were portrayed by actors that have worked with Wes Craven before and have also appeared in prominent horror films. For example, Linda Blair, who played Regan in "The Exorcist", also plays the obnoxious reporter who approaches Sidney when she first returns to school. Joseph Whipp, who plays Sheriff Burke in Scream, also plays the sheriff in A Nightmare on Elm Street. Frances Lee McCain, playing Mrs. Riley, also played the part of Billy's mother, Lynn Peltzer, in 1984's Gremlins.
-Other films that are seen or mentioned throughout the film include:
Friday the 13th - When the killer calls Casey Becker, he asks her "Who was the killer in Friday the 13th?". She exclaims Jason Voorhees as the answer, but the killer meant the original killer from the first movie, Jason's mother.
The Exorcist - When Billy sneaks into Sidney's bedroom, he says he came by due to being bored, sitting at home watching a TV-cut version of The Exorcist. Also, Exorcist lead star Linda Blair appears in the film as a shrill voiced reporter.
Basic Instinct
All the Right Moves - Tatum mentions wanting to see All the Right Moves so she can see Tom Cruise's penis.
Clueless (Alicia Silverstone's character was quoted)
The Silence of the Lambs - Billy mentions Jodie Foster (who played Clarice Starling in the movie) in one scene with Sidney. He also mentions Hannibal Lecter and that they never decided why he liked to eat people.
Trading Places
I Spit on Your Grave - When Tatum encounters the killer in the garage, she mistakes him for Randy, exclaiming "So what movie is this from? I spit on your garage?"
The Town That Dreaded Sundown.
The Bad Seed.
Clerks. Seen on the top of Stu's video player and a poster for it is seen in the background of the movie store
EG.
At one point Billy sneaks into Sidney's room through her window, startling her, in a way that quotes Glen sneaking into Nancy's room in A Nightmare on Elm Street. The similarity between the scenes in emphasized by the physical resemblance Skeet Ulrich, who plays Billy's character, bears to the young Johnny Depp, who played Glen's character.
-Halloween is referenced many times throughout the film.
EG.
When Casey's parents come home and see that something is wrong, her father says to her mother, "Drive down to the Mackenzies'", which is a quote from Halloween. During the party scene, Randy Meeks, Stu Macher and the other party goers are watching the horror film. They watch many famous scenes such as Michael Myers murdering Bob, as well as Laurie Strode discovering her friend's dead bodies scattered in the bedroom. The song that Billy puts on when he and Sidney are making out in her room is a cover version of "Don't Fear the Reaper" which was featured in Halloween in the scene where Laurie and Annie are driving to their babysitting jobs.
-Billy's surname, Loomis, is the same as that of Donald Pleasence's character in Halloween (1978), which in turn was the name of Marion Crane's lover in Psycho.
EG.
Billy Loomis quotes Norman Bates, saying "We all go a little mad sometimes." Licking his fake blood, Loomis says that it is actually corn syrup and food coloring, "the same stuff they used as pig's blood in Carrie".
-As Stu and Billy reveal themselves to Sidney as the killers, they stand head to head, echoing a famous still photo from the film The Thing With Two Heads (1972).
-When Casey (Drew Barrymore) is dragged across the lawn by her murderer it strongly resembles a scene from Dementia 13.
-The blood pooling at Gale's (Courtney Cox) feet by the news van is reminiscent of a scene in Night of the Living Dead where blood pools on the floor by Barbra's feet (played by Judith O'Dea).
-Many films are briefly mentioned during a scene in which Billy and Stu visit Randy at work at a video store. Films Randy mentions include Candyman, The Howling, Prom Night, Everybody's All-American. Frankenstein is showing on the monitors.
-Sidney mentions The Town That Dreaded Sundown while she, Dewey and Tatum are buying food for the party.
-During the party scene, the partygoers are struggling with which movie to watch. The possibilities include The Evil Dead, Hellraiser, The Fog and Terror Train. Clerks is seen as a videotape on top of a television. During the party scene, when Billy arrives, Randy exclaims "What's Leatherface doing here?". Leatherface is the antagonist in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
-In addition to mentioning several horror films throughout the film, many minor characters were portrayed by actors that have worked with Wes Craven before and have also appeared in prominent horror films. For example, Linda Blair, who played Regan in "The Exorcist", also plays the obnoxious reporter who approaches Sidney when she first returns to school. Joseph Whipp, who plays Sheriff Burke in Scream, also plays the sheriff in A Nightmare on Elm Street. Frances Lee McCain, playing Mrs. Riley, also played the part of Billy's mother, Lynn Peltzer, in 1984's Gremlins.
-Other films that are seen or mentioned throughout the film include:
Friday the 13th - When the killer calls Casey Becker, he asks her "Who was the killer in Friday the 13th?". She exclaims Jason Voorhees as the answer, but the killer meant the original killer from the first movie, Jason's mother.
The Exorcist - When Billy sneaks into Sidney's bedroom, he says he came by due to being bored, sitting at home watching a TV-cut version of The Exorcist. Also, Exorcist lead star Linda Blair appears in the film as a shrill voiced reporter.
Basic Instinct
All the Right Moves - Tatum mentions wanting to see All the Right Moves so she can see Tom Cruise's penis.
Clueless (Alicia Silverstone's character was quoted)
The Silence of the Lambs - Billy mentions Jodie Foster (who played Clarice Starling in the movie) in one scene with Sidney. He also mentions Hannibal Lecter and that they never decided why he liked to eat people.
Trading Places
I Spit on Your Grave - When Tatum encounters the killer in the garage, she mistakes him for Randy, exclaiming "So what movie is this from? I spit on your garage?"
The Town That Dreaded Sundown.
The Bad Seed.
Clerks. Seen on the top of Stu's video player and a poster for it is seen in the background of the movie store
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